TSV
Major Schools of Psychology - TSV
The major schools of psychology provide different approaches to understanding the human mind and behavior. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, psychoanalysis explores unconscious processes, cognitive psychology studies information processing mechanisms, and humanistic psychology emphasizes human growth and self-actualization. These schools complement each other while forming the foundation of modern psychology.
psychology
behaviorism
psychoanalysis
cognitive psychology
humanistic psychology
schools of thought
psychotherapy
code slug name description founder keyConcepts keyFigures period
01 behaviorism Behaviorism A school of psychology that studies only observable behavior, excluding internal mental processes. John B. Watson ["Classical conditioning","Operant conditioning","Reinforcement","S-R theory","Environmental determinism"] ["B.F. Skinner","Ivan Pavlov","Edward L. Thorndike"] 1913 - present
02 psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis A school of psychology that emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes and early experiences on personality and behavior. Sigmund Freud ["Unconscious","Id-Ego-Superego","Defense mechanisms","Dream analysis","Libido","Repression"] ["Carl Gustav Jung","Alfred Adler","Anna Freud","Erik Erikson"] 1890s - present
03 cognitive-psychology Cognitive Psychology A school of psychology that studies internal information processing processes such as memory, attention, and thinking. (Multiple researchers) ["Information processing model","Working memory","Multi-store memory model","Top-down processing","Bottom-up processing"] ["Noam Chomsky","George Miller","Albert Bandura","Alan Baddeley"] 1950s - present
04 humanistic-psychology Humanistic Psychology A school of psychology that emphasizes human growth, self-actualization, and free will, based on a positive view of human nature. Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers ["Self-actualization","Hierarchy of needs","Unconditional positive regard","Empathic understanding","Self-concept","Growth orientation"] ["Rollo May","Viktor Frankl","Clark Moustakas"] 1950s - present
05 gestalt-psychology Gestalt Psychology A school based on the idea that 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts,' studying the holistic nature of perception and cognition. Max Wertheimer ["Gestalt","Law of pragnanz","Laws of perception","Insight learning","Field theory"] ["Kurt Koffka","Wolfgang Kohler","Fritz Perls"] 1910s - present
06 biological-psychology Biological Psychology A school that studies how biological factors such as the brain, nervous system, and genes influence behavior and psychology. (Multiple researchers) ["Neurotransmitters","Brain plasticity","Hebb's law","Localization of brain function","Nature vs. nurture"] ["Donald Hebb","Roger Sperry","Eric Kandel"] Mid-20th century - present