YAML

Major Schools of Psychology - YAML

The major schools of psychology provide different approaches to understanding the human mind and behavior. Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior, psychoanalysis explores unconscious processes, cognitive psychology studies information processing mechanisms, and humanistic psychology emphasizes human growth and self-actualization. These schools complement each other while forming the foundation of modern psychology.

psychology behaviorism psychoanalysis cognitive psychology humanistic psychology schools of thought psychotherapy

- code: "01"
  slug: "behaviorism"
  name: "Behaviorism"
  description: "A school of psychology that studies only observable behavior, excluding internal mental processes."
  founder: "John B. Watson"
  keyFigures:
    - "B.F. Skinner"
    - "Ivan Pavlov"
    - "Edward L. Thorndike"
  period: "1913 - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Classical conditioning"
    - "Operant conditioning"
    - "Reinforcement"
    - "S-R theory"
    - "Environmental determinism"
- code: "02"
  slug: "psychoanalysis"
  name: "Psychoanalysis"
  description: "A school of psychology that emphasizes the influence of unconscious processes and early experiences on personality and behavior."
  founder: "Sigmund Freud"
  keyFigures:
    - "Carl Gustav Jung"
    - "Alfred Adler"
    - "Anna Freud"
    - "Erik Erikson"
  period: "1890s - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Unconscious"
    - "Id-Ego-Superego"
    - "Defense mechanisms"
    - "Dream analysis"
    - "Libido"
    - "Repression"
- code: "03"
  slug: "cognitive-psychology"
  name: "Cognitive Psychology"
  description: "A school of psychology that studies internal information processing processes such as memory, attention, and thinking."
  founder: "(Multiple researchers)"
  keyFigures:
    - "Noam Chomsky"
    - "George Miller"
    - "Albert Bandura"
    - "Alan Baddeley"
  period: "1950s - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Information processing model"
    - "Working memory"
    - "Multi-store memory model"
    - "Top-down processing"
    - "Bottom-up processing"
- code: "04"
  slug: "humanistic-psychology"
  name: "Humanistic Psychology"
  description: "A school of psychology that emphasizes human growth, self-actualization, and free will, based on a positive view of human nature."
  founder: "Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers"
  keyFigures:
    - "Rollo May"
    - "Viktor Frankl"
    - "Clark Moustakas"
  period: "1950s - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Self-actualization"
    - "Hierarchy of needs"
    - "Unconditional positive regard"
    - "Empathic understanding"
    - "Self-concept"
    - "Growth orientation"
- code: "05"
  slug: "gestalt-psychology"
  name: "Gestalt Psychology"
  description: "A school based on the idea that 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts,' studying the holistic nature of perception and cognition."
  founder: "Max Wertheimer"
  keyFigures:
    - "Kurt Koffka"
    - "Wolfgang Kohler"
    - "Fritz Perls"
  period: "1910s - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Gestalt"
    - "Law of pragnanz"
    - "Laws of perception"
    - "Insight learning"
    - "Field theory"
- code: "06"
  slug: "biological-psychology"
  name: "Biological Psychology"
  description: "A school that studies how biological factors such as the brain, nervous system, and genes influence behavior and psychology."
  founder: "(Multiple researchers)"
  keyFigures:
    - "Donald Hebb"
    - "Roger Sperry"
    - "Eric Kandel"
  period: "Mid-20th century - present"
  keyConcepts:
    - "Neurotransmitters"
    - "Brain plasticity"
    - "Hebb's law"
    - "Localization of brain function"
    - "Nature vs. nurture"