INI
Sports Fouls and Violations - INI
Sports fouls and violations are judgments against actions that violate rules in competition. Each sport, such as soccer, basketball, and volleyball, has its own specific fouls and violations, which play an important role in ensuring player safety and fair game management. Types of violations include fouls involving physical contact, technical violations, position violations, and each carries different penalties.
sports
foul
violation
rules
referee
soccer
basketball
volleyball
[item.soccer-handling]
code=SOC-01
slug=soccer-handling
name=Handling (Handball)
description=Deliberately touching the ball with hand or arm.
penalty=Direct free kick or penalty kick
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-offside]
code=SOC-02
slug=soccer-offside
name=Offside
description=Positioning behind opposing defenders to score opportunities.
penalty=Indirect free kick
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-sliding-tackle]
code=SOC-03
slug=soccer-sliding-tackle
name=Sliding Tackle
description=A tackle where a player slides on the ground to take the ball.
penalty=Free kick, yellow or red card
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-kicking]
code=SOC-04
slug=soccer-kicking
name=Kicking
description=Kicking or attempting to kick an opponent.
penalty=Direct free kick
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-tripping]
code=SOC-05
slug=soccer-tripping
name=Tripping
description=Using foot or body to trip or cause an opponent to fall.
penalty=Direct free kick
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-holding]
code=SOC-06
slug=soccer-holding
name=Holding
description=Grabbing or restraining an opponent's body or uniform.
penalty=Direct free kick
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-yellow-card]
code=SOC-07
slug=soccer-yellow-card
name=Yellow Card (Caution)
description=A warning for unsporting behavior or ungentlemanly conduct.
penalty=Caution (sending off after two cards)
sport=Soccer
[item.soccer-red-card]
code=SOC-08
slug=soccer-red-card
name=Red Card (Sending Off)
description=Sending off for serious foul play or violent conduct.
penalty=Sending off (team plays with one fewer player)
sport=Soccer
[item.basketball-personal-foul]
code=BAS-01
slug=basketball-personal-foul
name=Personal Foul
description=A foul involving illegal contact between players.
penalty=Free throw or throw-in (disqualified after 5 fouls)
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-technical-foul]
code=BAS-02
slug=basketball-technical-foul
name=Technical Foul
description=A foul for unsportsmanlike conduct or behavior.
penalty=One free throw and opponent's throw-in
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-traveling]
code=BAS-03
slug=basketball-traveling
name=Traveling
description=Taking more than two steps while holding the ball.
penalty=Opponent's throw-in
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-double-dribble]
code=BAS-04
slug=basketball-double-dribble
name=Double Dribble
description=Dribbling, stopping, then dribbling again.
penalty=Opponent's throw-in
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-shot-clock]
code=BAS-05
slug=basketball-shot-clock
name=24-Second Violation
description=Shot clock violation.
penalty=Opponent's throw-in
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-backcourt]
code=BAS-06
slug=basketball-backcourt
name=Backcourt Violation
description=Returning the ball from frontcourt to backcourt.
penalty=Opponent's throw-in
sport=Basketball
[item.basketball-goaltending]
code=BAS-07
slug=basketball-goaltending
name=Goaltending
description=Interference after the ball has passed above the rim.
penalty=Basket is counted
sport=Basketball
[item.volleyball-double-contact]
code=VOL-01
slug=volleyball-double-contact
name=Double Contact (Dribble)
description=A player touching the ball twice consecutively.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-four-hits]
code=VOL-02
slug=volleyball-four-hits
name=Four Hits (Over-times)
description=A team touching the ball four or more times.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-touch-net]
code=VOL-03
slug=volleyball-touch-net
name=Net Touch
description=A player's body touching the net or antenna.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-over-net]
code=VOL-04
slug=volleyball-over-net
name=Over the Net
description=Touching the ball on the opponent's side of the net.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-positional-fault]
code=VOL-05
slug=volleyball-positional-fault
name=Positional Fault
description=Not being in the correct position at the time of service.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-back-row-attack]
code=VOL-06
slug=volleyball-back-row-attack
name=Back Row Attack Violation
description=A back row player jumping in front of the attack line to spike.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball
[item.volleyball-libero-violation]
code=VOL-07
slug=volleyball-libero-violation
name=Libero Violation
description=A libero performing prohibited actions.
penalty=Point and serve to opposing team
sport=Volleyball