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Vaccine Types - YAML

Vaccine types are classified based on the state of the pathogen and their mechanism of action. Major types include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit/recombinant/polysaccharide/conjugate vaccines, toxoid vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and mRNA vaccines. Each type has distinct mechanisms of immune response, efficacy, storage requirements, and indications. In recent years, mRNA vaccine technology has rapidly advanced and become as important as traditional vaccine technologies.

vaccine immunization immunity healthcare public health infectious disease prevention 
- code: "01"
  slug: "live-attenuated"
  name: "Live Attenuated Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using weakened live pathogens."
  mechanism: "Weakened pathogens replicate slightly in the body, inducing an immune response similar to natural infection"
  examples:
    - "MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella)"
    - "Varicella vaccine (chickenpox)"
    - "Yellow fever vaccine"
    - "Rotavirus vaccine"
    - "BCG (tuberculosis)"
  advantages:
    - "Strong and long-lasting immune response"
    - "Lifelong protection with 1-2 doses typically"
    - "Induces mucosal, humoral, and cellular immunity"
  disadvantages:
    - "Contraindicated for immunocompromised individuals"
    - "Requires strict cold chain"
    - "Remote risk of reversion to virulence"
  dosesRequired: "1-2回"
  storage: "Frozen or refrigerated (2-8°C)"
- code: "02"
  slug: "inactivated"
  name: "Inactivated Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using killed or inactivated pathogens."
  mechanism: "Inactivated pathogens stimulate the immune system without replicating"
  examples:
    - "Hepatitis A vaccine"
    - "Inactivated influenza vaccine"
    - "IPV (inactivated polio)"
    - "Rabies vaccine"
    - "Japanese encephalitis vaccine"
  advantages:
    - "High safety profile"
    - "Can be used in immunocompromised individuals"
    - "Relatively easy to store"
  disadvantages:
    - "Weaker immune response"
    - "Requires multiple doses and boosters"
    - "Minimal cytotoxic T-cell activation"
  dosesRequired: "2-3回＋ブースター"
  storage: "Refrigerated (2-8°C)"
- code: "03"
  slug: "subunit-recombinant"
  name: "Subunit, Recombinant, Polysaccharide and Conjugate Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using only specific parts of pathogens."
  mechanism: "Uses only specific antigenic parts of the pathogen to induce targeted immune response"
  examples:
    - "Hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant)"
    - "HPV vaccine (human papillomavirus)"
    - "Acellular pertussis"
    - "Pneumococcal vaccine (polysaccharide/conjugate)"
    - "Hib vaccine"
  advantages:
    - "Very safe"
    - "Suitable for immunocompromised individuals"
    - "Batch-to-batch consistency"
  disadvantages:
    - "Less immunogenic"
    - "May require adjuvants"
    - "Complex production"
  dosesRequired: "2-3回"
  storage: "Refrigerated (2-8°C)"
- code: "04"
  slug: "toxoid"
  name: "Toxoid Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using inactivated bacterial toxins."
  mechanism: "Induces antibodies against inactivated toxins to neutralize them"
  examples:
    - "Tetanus toxoid"
    - "Diphtheria toxoid"
  advantages:
    - "Effective against toxin-mediated diseases"
    - "Well-established safety"
  disadvantages:
    - "Requires boosters"
    - "Limited to toxin-mediated diseases"
  dosesRequired: "3回＋ブースター（10年ごと）"
  storage: "Refrigerated (2-8°C)"
- code: "05"
  slug: "viral-vector"
  name: "Viral Vector Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using a different virus as a vector."
  mechanism: "Modified virus delivers antigen-coding instructions to host cells for intracellular antigen expression"
  examples:
    - "AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine"
    - "Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccine"
    - "Ebola vaccine"
  advantages:
    - "Strong cellular immunity"
    - "Single dose often sufficient"
    - "Thermostable (up to ~28°C)"
  disadvantages:
    - "Pre-existing immunity against the vector"
    - "Rare risk of thrombosis"
    - "Limited antigen capacity"
  dosesRequired: "1回（場合により2回）"
  storage: "Standard refrigeration (2-8°C)"
- code: "06"
  slug: "mrna"
  name: "mRNA Vaccine"
  description: "Next-generation vaccines using messenger RNA."
  mechanism: "Synthetic mRNA is taken up by host cells and translated to produce antigen proteins"
  examples:
    - "Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine"
    - "Moderna COVID-19 vaccine"
    - "Moderna RSV vaccine (mRESVIA)"
  advantages:
    - "High efficacy (>90%)"
    - "Rapid manufacturing and variant adaptation"
    - "No live pathogen used"
    - "Cell-free synthetic production"
  disadvantages:
    - "Ultra-cold storage required (some)"
    - "Rare risk of myocarditis"
    - "Booster doses needed"
  dosesRequired: "2-3回＋ブースター"
  storage: "Ultra-cold (-70°C) or frozen (-20°C)"
- code: "07"
  slug: "dna"
  name: "DNA Vaccine"
  description: "Vaccines using plasmid DNA."
  mechanism: "Plasmid DNA enters the nucleus, transcribes mRNA, and translates antigens"
  examples:
    - "West Nile virus (veterinary)"
    - "Zika/HIV (in development)"
  advantages:
    - "Thermally stable"
    - "Scalable cell-free production"
    - "No genomic integration risk"
  disadvantages:
    - "Poor immunogenicity in humans"
    - "May need electroporation or special delivery"
  dosesRequired: "複数回"
  storage: "Room temperature to refrigerated"