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Wine Grape Varieties - TOML

Wine grape varieties are cultivated worldwide to produce various styles of wine, including red, white, rose, and sparkling wines. From major international varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay to indigenous regional varieties, thousands of grape varieties exist. Each variety has unique characteristics in aroma, flavor, tannins, and acidity, expressing different personalities depending on the local climate and terroir.

wine grape varieties red wine white wine Cabernet Sauvignon Chardonnay Pinot Noir viticulture terroir 
[[items]]
code = "R001"
slug = "cabernet-sauvignon"
name = "Cabernet Sauvignon"
description = "The most widely planted international red wine grape variety, producing powerful, tannic full-bodied wines."
acidity = "medium-high"
body = "full"
flavorNotes = "[\"blackcurrant\",\"black cherry\",\"black pepper\",\"tobacco\",\"cedar\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Bordeaux, France\",\"Napa Valley, USA\",\"Chile\",\"Australia\",\"South Africa\"]"
tannin = "high"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R002"
slug = "merlot"
name = "Merlot"
description = "The most widely planted variety in Bordeaux, known for its smooth and fruity character."
acidity = "medium"
body = "medium-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"plum\",\"black cherry\",\"chocolate\",\"vanilla\",\"herbs\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Bordeaux, France\",\"California, USA\",\"Chile\",\"Italy\"]"
tannin = "medium"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R003"
slug = "pinot-noir"
name = "Pinot Noir"
description = "A delicate and elegant noble variety, difficult to grow and vinify, sensitively reflecting the terroir."
acidity = "medium-high"
body = "light-medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"strawberry\",\"raspberry\",\"cherry\",\"rose\",\"mushroom\",\"spice\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Burgundy, France\",\"Oregon, USA\",\"New Zealand\",\"Germany\"]"
tannin = "low-medium"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R004"
slug = "syrah"
name = "Syrah/Shiraz"
description = "A variety known for its rich, spicy character. Called Syrah in France and Shiraz in Australia."
acidity = "medium"
body = "full"
flavorNotes = "[\"blueberry\",\"blackberry\",\"black pepper\",\"smoke\",\"leather\",\"licorice\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Rhône, France\",\"Australia\",\"Washington State, USA\",\"South Africa\"]"
tannin = "medium-high"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R005"
slug = "tempranillo"
name = "Tempranillo"
description = "Spain's signature indigenous grape, featuring cherry and fig fruit flavors with tobacco notes."
acidity = "medium-high"
body = "medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"cherry\",\"dried fig\",\"cedar\",\"tobacco\",\"vanilla\",\"leather\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Rioja, Spain\",\"Ribera del Duero, Spain\",\"Portugal\"]"
tannin = "medium"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R006"
slug = "sangiovese"
name = "Sangiovese"
description = "The main variety of Tuscany, Italy. Used for Chianti and Brunello di Montalcino."
acidity = "high"
body = "medium-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"sour cherry\",\"raspberry\",\"oregano\",\"thyme\",\"anise\",\"earth\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Tuscany, Italy\",\"Umbria, Italy\",\"Emilia-Romagna, Italy\"]"
tannin = "medium-high"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R007"
slug = "grenache"
name = "Grenache"
description = "Widely cultivated in southern France and Spain, featuring ripe red fruit flavors and high alcohol content."
acidity = "low-medium"
body = "medium-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"strawberry\",\"raspberry\",\"white pepper\",\"herbs\",\"caramel\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Rhône, France\",\"Spain\",\"Australia\"]"
tannin = "low-medium"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "R008"
slug = "malbec"
name = "Malbec"
description = "Argentina's representative variety, featuring rich dark fruit flavors and velvety tannins."
acidity = "medium"
body = "full"
flavorNotes = "[\"plum\",\"black cherry\",\"blackberry\",\"smoke\",\"cocoa\",\"vanilla\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Mendoza, Argentina\",\"Cahors, France\",\"Chile\"]"
tannin = "medium-high"
wineType = "red"

[[items]]
code = "W001"
slug = "chardonnay"
name = "Chardonnay"
description = "The most widely planted international white wine grape, most receptive to the winemaker's intent."
acidity = "medium-high"
body = "light-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"lemon\",\"apple\",\"pineapple\",\"butter\",\"vanilla\",\"toast\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Burgundy, France\",\"California, USA\",\"Australia\",\"Chile\",\"New Zealand\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W002"
slug = "sauvignon-blanc"
name = "Sauvignon Blanc"
description = "A white grape variety characterized by refreshing acidity and herbaceous aromas, with citrus and gooseberry flavors."
acidity = "high"
body = "light-medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"grapefruit\",\"lemon\",\"gooseberry\",\"fresh grass\",\"passionfruit\",\"asparagus\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Loire, France\",\"New Zealand\",\"Bordeaux, France\",\"Chile\",\"South Africa\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W003"
slug = "riesling"
name = "Riesling"
description = "Germany's representative aromatic white grape, featuring precise acidity, minerality, and green apple aromas."
acidity = "high"
body = "light-medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"green apple\",\"lemon\",\"lime\",\"honey\",\"flowers\",\"mineral\",\"petrol\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Germany\",\"Alsace, France\",\"Australia\",\"Austria\",\"Washington State, USA\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W004"
slug = "pinot-grigio"
name = "Pinot Grigio/Pinot Gris"
description = "A mutation of Pinot Noir. Known as light Pinot Grigio in Italy and rich Pinot Gris in Alsace."
acidity = "medium-high"
body = "light-medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"pear\",\"white peach\",\"lemon\",\"white flowers\",\"almond\",\"spice\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Italy\",\"Alsace, France\",\"Oregon, USA\",\"New Zealand\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W005"
slug = "chenin-blanc"
name = "Chenin Blanc"
description = "An important white grape in the Loire Valley and South Africa, featuring high acidity and diverse styles."
acidity = "high"
body = "light-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"apple\",\"honey\",\"quince\",\"ginger\",\"white flowers\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Loire, France\",\"South Africa\",\"California, USA\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W006"
slug = "gewurztraminer"
name = "Gewürztraminer"
description = "A highly aromatic white grape variety, characterized by strong lychee and rose aromas."
acidity = "low-medium"
body = "medium-full"
flavorNotes = "[\"lychee\",\"rose\",\"lychee\",\"spice\",\"grapefruit\",\"ginger\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Alsace, France\",\"Germany\",\"Alto Adige, Italy\",\"New Zealand\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W007"
slug = "viognier"
name = "Viognier"
description = "An aromatic white grape from the Rhône Valley, featuring rich apricot and peach aromas with full body."
acidity = "low-medium"
body = "full"
flavorNotes = "[\"apricot\",\"peach\",\"mango\",\"flowers\",\"honey\",\"spice\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Rhône, France\",\"Australia\",\"California, USA\",\"South Africa\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "W008"
slug = "albarino"
name = "Albariño"
description = "A white grape native to Galicia in northwestern Spain, featuring citrus aromas, minerality, and saline notes."
acidity = "high"
body = "light-medium"
flavorNotes = "[\"lemon\",\"grapefruit\",\"white peach\",\"apricot\",\"mineral\",\"saline\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Rías Baixas, Spain\",\"Vinho Verde, Portugal\",\"USA\"]"
tannin = "none"
wineType = "white"

[[items]]
code = "O001"
slug = "koshu"
name = "Koshu"
description = "A grape variety indigenous to Japan. Mainly cultivated in Yamanashi Prefecture, producing fresh and delicate white wines."
acidity = "medium"
body = "light"
flavorNotes = "[\"citrus\",\"white peach\",\"grapefruit\",\"mineral\"]"
keyRegions = "[\"Yamanashi, Japan\"]"
tannin = "low"
wineType = "white"