TOML
各国の憲法 - TOML
各国の憲法は、その国の政治体制や基本的人権の保障を定める最高法規です。アメリカ合衆国憲法(1788年)は世界最古の現行成文憲法であり、日本国憲法(1946年)は戦後民主主義の象徴として知られています。本データは、世界の主要国における現行憲法の名称と制定年を体系的に整理したものです。
憲法
法律
政治
歴史
国際比較
基本的人権
[[items]]
code = "US"
slug = "united-states"
name = "アメリカ合衆国"
description = "世界最古の現行成文憲法。"
constitutionName = "アメリカ合衆国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1789
yearEstablished = 1788
[[items]]
code = "NO"
slug = "norway"
name = "ノルウェー"
description = "ヨーロッパで2番目に古い現行成文憲法。"
constitutionName = "ノルウェー王国憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1814
[[items]]
code = "NL"
slug = "netherlands"
name = "オランダ"
description = "ウィーン会議後に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "オランダ王国憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1815
[[items]]
code = "BE"
slug = "belgium"
name = "ベルギー"
description = "オランダからの独立後に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "ベルギー憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1831
[[items]]
code = "CA"
slug = "canada"
name = "カナダ"
description = "イギリス植民地による自治領形成時に制定。"
constitutionName = "カナダ憲法"
yearEnacted = 1867
yearEstablished = 1867
[[items]]
code = "LU"
slug = "luxembourg"
name = "ルクセンブルク"
description = "普仏戦争後の永世中立国化を定めた憲法。"
constitutionName = "ルクセンブルク大公国憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1868
[[items]]
code = "AU"
slug = "australia"
name = "オーストラリア"
description = "イギリス議会により制定された連邦憲法。"
constitutionName = "オーストラリア連邦憲法"
yearEnacted = 1901
yearEstablished = 1900
[[items]]
code = "MX"
slug = "mexico"
name = "メキシコ"
description = "ポルフィリオ・ディアス独裁政権崩壊後に制定。"
constitutionName = "メキシコ合衆国憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1917
[[items]]
code = "AT"
slug = "austria"
name = "オーストリア"
description = "オーストリア第一共和国の憲法。"
constitutionName = "オーストリア連邦憲法"
yearEnacted = 1920
yearEstablished = 1920
[[items]]
code = "EE"
slug = "estonia"
name = "エストニア"
description = "ロシアからの独立後に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "エストニア共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1922
yearEstablished = 1922
[[items]]
code = "IE"
slug = "ireland"
name = "アイルランド"
description = "イギリスからの独立を宣言した憲法。"
constitutionName = "アイルランド共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1937
yearEstablished = 1937
[[items]]
code = "IS"
slug = "iceland"
name = "アイスランド"
description = "デンマークからの独立時に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "アイスランド共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1944
yearEstablished = 1944
[[items]]
code = "JP"
slug = "japan"
name = "日本"
description = "戦後民主主義の象徴として知られる憲法。"
constitutionName = "日本国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1947
yearEstablished = 1946
[[items]]
code = "IT"
slug = "italy"
name = "イタリア"
description = "王政廃止後の共和制転換を定めた憲法。"
constitutionName = "イタリア共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1948
yearEstablished = 1947
[[items]]
code = "DE"
slug = "germany"
name = "ドイツ"
description = "「永遠の条項」で人権を保障した基本法。"
constitutionName = "ドイツ連邦共和国基本法"
yearEnacted = 1949
yearEstablished = 1949
[[items]]
code = "IN"
slug = "india"
name = "インド"
description = "世界最長の成文憲法。"
constitutionName = "インド憲法"
yearEnacted = 1950
yearEstablished = 1950
[[items]]
code = "DK"
slug = "denmark"
name = "デンマーク"
description = "ナチス占領からの解放後に全面改正された憲法。"
constitutionName = "デンマーク王国憲法"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = 1953
[[items]]
code = "FR"
slug = "france"
name = "フランス"
description = "第五共和政を確立した憲法。"
constitutionName = "フランス第五共和國憲法"
yearEnacted = 1958
yearEstablished = 1958
[[items]]
code = "SE"
slug = "sweden"
name = "スウェーデン"
description = "統治法から4つの基本法へ移行した憲法。"
constitutionName = "スウェーデン王国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1975
yearEstablished = 1974
[[items]]
code = "ES"
slug = "spain"
name = "スペイン"
description = "フランコ独裁政権終了後の民主化憲法。"
constitutionName = "スペイン憲法"
yearEnacted = 1978
yearEstablished = 1978
[[items]]
code = "PT"
slug = "portugal"
name = "ポルトガル"
description = "カーネーション革命後の民主化憲法。"
constitutionName = "ポルトガル共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1976
yearEstablished = 1976
[[items]]
code = "GR"
slug = "greece"
name = "ギリシャ"
description = "軍事政権崩壊後の民主復帰憲法。"
constitutionName = "ギリシャ共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1975
yearEstablished = 1975
[[items]]
code = "CN"
slug = "china"
name = "中国"
description = "改革開放期に制定された現行憲法。"
constitutionName = "中華人民共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1982
yearEstablished = 1982
[[items]]
code = "BR"
slug = "brazil"
name = "ブラジル"
description = "市民憲法と呼ばれる民主化憲法。"
constitutionName = "ブラジル連邦共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1988
yearEstablished = 1988
[[items]]
code = "KR"
slug = "south-korea"
name = "韓国"
description = "民主化運動の成果として制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "大韓民国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1988
yearEstablished = 1987
[[items]]
code = "RU"
slug = "russia"
name = "ロシア"
description = "ソビエト連邦崩壊後に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "ロシア連邦憲法"
yearEnacted = 1993
yearEstablished = 1993
[[items]]
code = "CZ"
slug = "czech-republic"
name = "チェコ"
description = "チェコスロバキア分裂後に制定された憲法。"
constitutionName = "チェコ共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1993
yearEstablished = 1992
[[items]]
code = "FI"
slug = "finland"
name = "フィンランド"
description = "1919年憲法を全面改正した現行憲法。"
constitutionName = "フィンランド共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 2000
yearEstablished = 1999
[[items]]
code = "CH"
slug = "switzerland"
name = "スイス"
description = "1848年憲法を体系化・整理した現行憲法。"
constitutionName = "スイス連邦憲法"
yearEnacted = 2000
yearEstablished = 1999
[[items]]
code = "PL"
slug = "poland"
name = "ポーランド"
description = "共産政権崩壊後に制定された新憲法。"
constitutionName = "ポーランド共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1997
yearEstablished = 1997
[[items]]
code = "ZA"
slug = "south-africa"
name = "南アフリカ"
description = "人種隔離政策廃止後の新憲法。"
constitutionName = "南アフリカ共和国憲法"
yearEnacted = 1997
yearEstablished = 1996
[[items]]
code = "HU"
slug = "hungary"
name = "ハンガリー"
description = "1949年憲法に代わる新基本法。"
constitutionName = "ハンガリー基本法"
yearEnacted = 2012
yearEstablished = 2011
[[items]]
code = "UK"
slug = "united-kingdom"
name = "イギリス"
description = "単一の成文憲法を持たない不文憲法。"
constitutionName = "不文憲法(慣習憲法)"
yearEnacted = ""
yearEstablished = ""