INI
National Constitutions - INI
National constitutions are the supreme legal documents that define a country's political system and protection of fundamental human rights. The United States Constitution (1788) is the world's oldest current written constitution, while the Constitution of Japan (1946) is known as a symbol of post-war democracy. This data systematically organizes the names and establishment years of current constitutions in major countries worldwide.
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human rights
[item.united-states]
code=US
slug=united-states
name=United States of America
description=The world's oldest current written constitution.
constitutionName=Constitution of the United States
yearEnacted=1789
yearEstablished=1788
[item.norway]
code=NO
slug=norway
name=Norway
description=The second oldest current written constitution in Europe.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1814
[item.netherlands]
code=NL
slug=netherlands
name=Netherlands
description=Constitution adopted after the Congress of Vienna.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1815
[item.belgium]
code=BE
slug=belgium
name=Belgium
description=Constitution adopted after independence from the Netherlands.
constitutionName=Constitution of Belgium
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1831
[item.canada]
code=CA
slug=canada
name=Canada
description=Adopted when British colonies formed a dominion.
constitutionName=Constitution of Canada
yearEnacted=1867
yearEstablished=1867
[item.luxembourg]
code=LU
slug=luxembourg
name=Luxembourg
description=Constitution establishing permanent neutrality after the Franco-Prussian War.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1868
[item.australia]
code=AU
slug=australia
name=Australia
description=Federal constitution enacted by the British Parliament.
constitutionName=Constitution of Australia
yearEnacted=1901
yearEstablished=1900
[item.mexico]
code=MX
slug=mexico
name=Mexico
description=Adopted after the collapse of the Porfirio Diaz dictatorship.
constitutionName=Constitution of the United Mexican States
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1917
[item.austria]
code=AT
slug=austria
name=Austria
description=Constitution of the First Austrian Republic.
constitutionName=Federal Constitutional Law of Austria
yearEnacted=1920
yearEstablished=1920
[item.estonia]
code=EE
slug=estonia
name=Estonia
description=Constitution adopted after independence from Russia.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
yearEnacted=1922
yearEstablished=1922
[item.ireland]
code=IE
slug=ireland
name=Ireland
description=Constitution declaring independence from the United Kingdom.
constitutionName=Constitution of Ireland
yearEnacted=1937
yearEstablished=1937
[item.iceland]
code=IS
slug=iceland
name=Iceland
description=Constitution adopted upon independence from Denmark.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Republic of Iceland
yearEnacted=1944
yearEstablished=1944
[item.japan]
code=JP
slug=japan
name=Japan
description=Constitution known as a symbol of post-war democracy.
constitutionName=Constitution of Japan
yearEnacted=1947
yearEstablished=1946
[item.italy]
code=IT
slug=italy
name=Italy
description=Constitution establishing the transition to republic after abolition of monarchy.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Italian Republic
yearEnacted=1948
yearEstablished=1947
[item.germany]
code=DE
slug=germany
name=Germany
description=Basic Law protecting human rights through 'eternal clauses'.
constitutionName=Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
yearEnacted=1949
yearEstablished=1949
[item.india]
code=IN
slug=india
name=India
description=The world's longest written constitution.
constitutionName=Constitution of India
yearEnacted=1950
yearEstablished=1950
[item.denmark]
code=DK
slug=denmark
name=Denmark
description=Constitution comprehensively revised after liberation from Nazi occupation.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=1953
[item.france]
code=FR
slug=france
name=France
description=Constitution establishing the Fifth Republic.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Fifth French Republic
yearEnacted=1958
yearEstablished=1958
[item.sweden]
code=SE
slug=sweden
name=Sweden
description=Constitution transitioning from Instrument of Government to four fundamental laws.
constitutionName=Instrument of Government of Sweden
yearEnacted=1975
yearEstablished=1974
[item.spain]
code=ES
slug=spain
name=Spain
description=Democratization constitution after the end of the Franco dictatorship.
constitutionName=Spanish Constitution
yearEnacted=1978
yearEstablished=1978
[item.portugal]
code=PT
slug=portugal
name=Portugal
description=Democratization constitution after the Carnation Revolution.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
yearEnacted=1976
yearEstablished=1976
[item.greece]
code=GR
slug=greece
name=Greece
description=Democratic restoration constitution after the collapse of military rule.
constitutionName=Constitution of Greece
yearEnacted=1975
yearEstablished=1975
[item.china]
code=CN
slug=china
name=China
description=Current constitution adopted during the reform and opening-up period.
constitutionName=Constitution of the People's Republic of China
yearEnacted=1982
yearEstablished=1982
[item.brazil]
code=BR
slug=brazil
name=Brazil
description=Democratization constitution known as the 'Citizen Constitution'.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil
yearEnacted=1988
yearEstablished=1988
[item.south-korea]
code=KR
slug=south-korea
name=South Korea
description=Constitution adopted as a result of democratization movements.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Republic of Korea
yearEnacted=1988
yearEstablished=1987
[item.russia]
code=RU
slug=russia
name=Russia
description=Constitution adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Russian Federation
yearEnacted=1993
yearEstablished=1993
[item.czech-republic]
code=CZ
slug=czech-republic
name=Czech Republic
description=Constitution adopted after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Czech Republic
yearEnacted=1993
yearEstablished=1992
[item.finland]
code=FI
slug=finland
name=Finland
description=Current constitution comprehensively revising the 1919 constitution.
constitutionName=Constitution of Finland
yearEnacted=2000
yearEstablished=1999
[item.switzerland]
code=CH
slug=switzerland
name=Switzerland
description=Current constitution systematizing and organizing the 1848 constitution.
constitutionName=Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation
yearEnacted=2000
yearEstablished=1999
[item.poland]
code=PL
slug=poland
name=Poland
description=New constitution adopted after the collapse of communist rule.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Republic of Poland
yearEnacted=1997
yearEstablished=1997
[item.south-africa]
code=ZA
slug=south-africa
name=South Africa
description=New constitution after the abolition of apartheid.
constitutionName=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa
yearEnacted=1997
yearEstablished=1996
[item.hungary]
code=HU
slug=hungary
name=Hungary
description=New fundamental law replacing the 1949 constitution.
constitutionName=Fundamental Law of Hungary
yearEnacted=2012
yearEstablished=2011
[item.united-kingdom]
code=UK
slug=united-kingdom
name=United Kingdom
description=Uncodified constitution without a single written constitutional document.
constitutionName=Uncodified Constitution
yearEnacted=
yearEstablished=