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National Constitutions - JSON

National constitutions are the supreme legal documents that define a country's political system and protection of fundamental human rights. The United States Constitution (1788) is the world's oldest current written constitution, while the Constitution of Japan (1946) is known as a symbol of post-war democracy. This data systematically organizes the names and establishment years of current constitutions in major countries worldwide.

constitution law politics history international comparison human rights 
[
  {
    "code": "US",
    "slug": "united-states",
    "name": "United States of America",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the United States",
    "yearEstablished": 1788,
    "yearEnacted": 1789,
    "description": "The world's oldest current written constitution."
  },
  {
    "code": "NO",
    "slug": "norway",
    "name": "Norway",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway",
    "yearEstablished": 1814,
    "description": "The second oldest current written constitution in Europe."
  },
  {
    "code": "NL",
    "slug": "netherlands",
    "name": "Netherlands",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands",
    "yearEstablished": 1815,
    "description": "Constitution adopted after the Congress of Vienna."
  },
  {
    "code": "BE",
    "slug": "belgium",
    "name": "Belgium",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Belgium",
    "yearEstablished": 1831,
    "description": "Constitution adopted after independence from the Netherlands."
  },
  {
    "code": "CA",
    "slug": "canada",
    "name": "Canada",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Canada",
    "yearEstablished": 1867,
    "yearEnacted": 1867,
    "description": "Adopted when British colonies formed a dominion."
  },
  {
    "code": "LU",
    "slug": "luxembourg",
    "name": "Luxembourg",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg",
    "yearEstablished": 1868,
    "description": "Constitution establishing permanent neutrality after the Franco-Prussian War."
  },
  {
    "code": "AU",
    "slug": "australia",
    "name": "Australia",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Australia",
    "yearEstablished": 1900,
    "yearEnacted": 1901,
    "description": "Federal constitution enacted by the British Parliament."
  },
  {
    "code": "MX",
    "slug": "mexico",
    "name": "Mexico",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the United Mexican States",
    "yearEstablished": 1917,
    "description": "Adopted after the collapse of the Porfirio Diaz dictatorship."
  },
  {
    "code": "AT",
    "slug": "austria",
    "name": "Austria",
    "constitutionName": "Federal Constitutional Law of Austria",
    "yearEstablished": 1920,
    "yearEnacted": 1920,
    "description": "Constitution of the First Austrian Republic."
  },
  {
    "code": "EE",
    "slug": "estonia",
    "name": "Estonia",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Republic of Estonia",
    "yearEstablished": 1922,
    "yearEnacted": 1922,
    "description": "Constitution adopted after independence from Russia."
  },
  {
    "code": "IE",
    "slug": "ireland",
    "name": "Ireland",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Ireland",
    "yearEstablished": 1937,
    "yearEnacted": 1937,
    "description": "Constitution declaring independence from the United Kingdom."
  },
  {
    "code": "IS",
    "slug": "iceland",
    "name": "Iceland",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Republic of Iceland",
    "yearEstablished": 1944,
    "yearEnacted": 1944,
    "description": "Constitution adopted upon independence from Denmark."
  },
  {
    "code": "JP",
    "slug": "japan",
    "name": "Japan",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Japan",
    "yearEstablished": 1946,
    "yearEnacted": 1947,
    "description": "Constitution known as a symbol of post-war democracy."
  },
  {
    "code": "IT",
    "slug": "italy",
    "name": "Italy",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Italian Republic",
    "yearEstablished": 1947,
    "yearEnacted": 1948,
    "description": "Constitution establishing the transition to republic after abolition of monarchy."
  },
  {
    "code": "DE",
    "slug": "germany",
    "name": "Germany",
    "constitutionName": "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany",
    "yearEstablished": 1949,
    "yearEnacted": 1949,
    "description": "Basic Law protecting human rights through 'eternal clauses'."
  },
  {
    "code": "IN",
    "slug": "india",
    "name": "India",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of India",
    "yearEstablished": 1950,
    "yearEnacted": 1950,
    "description": "The world's longest written constitution."
  },
  {
    "code": "DK",
    "slug": "denmark",
    "name": "Denmark",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark",
    "yearEstablished": 1953,
    "description": "Constitution comprehensively revised after liberation from Nazi occupation."
  },
  {
    "code": "FR",
    "slug": "france",
    "name": "France",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Fifth French Republic",
    "yearEstablished": 1958,
    "yearEnacted": 1958,
    "description": "Constitution establishing the Fifth Republic."
  },
  {
    "code": "SE",
    "slug": "sweden",
    "name": "Sweden",
    "constitutionName": "Instrument of Government of Sweden",
    "yearEstablished": 1974,
    "yearEnacted": 1975,
    "description": "Constitution transitioning from Instrument of Government to four fundamental laws."
  },
  {
    "code": "ES",
    "slug": "spain",
    "name": "Spain",
    "constitutionName": "Spanish Constitution",
    "yearEstablished": 1978,
    "yearEnacted": 1978,
    "description": "Democratization constitution after the end of the Franco dictatorship."
  },
  {
    "code": "PT",
    "slug": "portugal",
    "name": "Portugal",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Portuguese Republic",
    "yearEstablished": 1976,
    "yearEnacted": 1976,
    "description": "Democratization constitution after the Carnation Revolution."
  },
  {
    "code": "GR",
    "slug": "greece",
    "name": "Greece",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Greece",
    "yearEstablished": 1975,
    "yearEnacted": 1975,
    "description": "Democratic restoration constitution after the collapse of military rule."
  },
  {
    "code": "CN",
    "slug": "china",
    "name": "China",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the People's Republic of China",
    "yearEstablished": 1982,
    "yearEnacted": 1982,
    "description": "Current constitution adopted during the reform and opening-up period."
  },
  {
    "code": "BR",
    "slug": "brazil",
    "name": "Brazil",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil",
    "yearEstablished": 1988,
    "yearEnacted": 1988,
    "description": "Democratization constitution known as the 'Citizen Constitution'."
  },
  {
    "code": "KR",
    "slug": "south-korea",
    "name": "South Korea",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Republic of Korea",
    "yearEstablished": 1987,
    "yearEnacted": 1988,
    "description": "Constitution adopted as a result of democratization movements."
  },
  {
    "code": "RU",
    "slug": "russia",
    "name": "Russia",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Russian Federation",
    "yearEstablished": 1993,
    "yearEnacted": 1993,
    "description": "Constitution adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union."
  },
  {
    "code": "CZ",
    "slug": "czech-republic",
    "name": "Czech Republic",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Czech Republic",
    "yearEstablished": 1992,
    "yearEnacted": 1993,
    "description": "Constitution adopted after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia."
  },
  {
    "code": "FI",
    "slug": "finland",
    "name": "Finland",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of Finland",
    "yearEstablished": 1999,
    "yearEnacted": 2000,
    "description": "Current constitution comprehensively revising the 1919 constitution."
  },
  {
    "code": "CH",
    "slug": "switzerland",
    "name": "Switzerland",
    "constitutionName": "Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation",
    "yearEstablished": 1999,
    "yearEnacted": 2000,
    "description": "Current constitution systematizing and organizing the 1848 constitution."
  },
  {
    "code": "PL",
    "slug": "poland",
    "name": "Poland",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Republic of Poland",
    "yearEstablished": 1997,
    "yearEnacted": 1997,
    "description": "New constitution adopted after the collapse of communist rule."
  },
  {
    "code": "ZA",
    "slug": "south-africa",
    "name": "South Africa",
    "constitutionName": "Constitution of the Republic of South Africa",
    "yearEstablished": 1996,
    "yearEnacted": 1997,
    "description": "New constitution after the abolition of apartheid."
  },
  {
    "code": "HU",
    "slug": "hungary",
    "name": "Hungary",
    "constitutionName": "Fundamental Law of Hungary",
    "yearEstablished": 2011,
    "yearEnacted": 2012,
    "description": "New fundamental law replacing the 1949 constitution."
  },
  {
    "code": "UK",
    "slug": "united-kingdom",
    "name": "United Kingdom",
    "constitutionName": "Uncodified Constitution",
    "yearEstablished": null,
    "description": "Uncodified constitution without a single written constitutional document."
  }
]