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National Constitutions - XML
National constitutions are the supreme legal documents that define a country's political system and protection of fundamental human rights. The United States Constitution (1788) is the world's oldest current written constitution, while the Constitution of Japan (1946) is known as a symbol of post-war democracy. This data systematically organizes the names and establishment years of current constitutions in major countries worldwide.
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
<item>
<code>US</code>
<slug>united-states</slug>
<name>United States of America</name>
<description>The world's oldest current written constitution.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the United States</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1789</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1788</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>NO</code>
<slug>norway</slug>
<name>Norway</name>
<description>The second oldest current written constitution in Europe.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Kingdom of Norway</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1814</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>NL</code>
<slug>netherlands</slug>
<name>Netherlands</name>
<description>Constitution adopted after the Congress of Vienna.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1815</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>BE</code>
<slug>belgium</slug>
<name>Belgium</name>
<description>Constitution adopted after independence from the Netherlands.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Belgium</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1831</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>CA</code>
<slug>canada</slug>
<name>Canada</name>
<description>Adopted when British colonies formed a dominion.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Canada</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1867</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1867</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>LU</code>
<slug>luxembourg</slug>
<name>Luxembourg</name>
<description>Constitution establishing permanent neutrality after the Franco-Prussian War.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1868</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>AU</code>
<slug>australia</slug>
<name>Australia</name>
<description>Federal constitution enacted by the British Parliament.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Australia</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1901</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1900</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>MX</code>
<slug>mexico</slug>
<name>Mexico</name>
<description>Adopted after the collapse of the Porfirio Diaz dictatorship.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the United Mexican States</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1917</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>AT</code>
<slug>austria</slug>
<name>Austria</name>
<description>Constitution of the First Austrian Republic.</description>
<constitutionName>Federal Constitutional Law of Austria</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1920</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1920</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>EE</code>
<slug>estonia</slug>
<name>Estonia</name>
<description>Constitution adopted after independence from Russia.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Republic of Estonia</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1922</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1922</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>IE</code>
<slug>ireland</slug>
<name>Ireland</name>
<description>Constitution declaring independence from the United Kingdom.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Ireland</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1937</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1937</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>IS</code>
<slug>iceland</slug>
<name>Iceland</name>
<description>Constitution adopted upon independence from Denmark.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Republic of Iceland</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1944</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1944</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>JP</code>
<slug>japan</slug>
<name>Japan</name>
<description>Constitution known as a symbol of post-war democracy.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Japan</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1947</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1946</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>IT</code>
<slug>italy</slug>
<name>Italy</name>
<description>Constitution establishing the transition to republic after abolition of monarchy.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Italian Republic</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1948</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1947</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>DE</code>
<slug>germany</slug>
<name>Germany</name>
<description>Basic Law protecting human rights through 'eternal clauses'.</description>
<constitutionName>Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1949</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1949</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>IN</code>
<slug>india</slug>
<name>India</name>
<description>The world's longest written constitution.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of India</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1950</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1950</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>DK</code>
<slug>denmark</slug>
<name>Denmark</name>
<description>Constitution comprehensively revised after liberation from Nazi occupation.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1953</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>FR</code>
<slug>france</slug>
<name>France</name>
<description>Constitution establishing the Fifth Republic.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Fifth French Republic</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1958</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1958</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>SE</code>
<slug>sweden</slug>
<name>Sweden</name>
<description>Constitution transitioning from Instrument of Government to four fundamental laws.</description>
<constitutionName>Instrument of Government of Sweden</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1975</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1974</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>ES</code>
<slug>spain</slug>
<name>Spain</name>
<description>Democratization constitution after the end of the Franco dictatorship.</description>
<constitutionName>Spanish Constitution</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1978</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1978</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>PT</code>
<slug>portugal</slug>
<name>Portugal</name>
<description>Democratization constitution after the Carnation Revolution.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Portuguese Republic</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1976</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1976</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>GR</code>
<slug>greece</slug>
<name>Greece</name>
<description>Democratic restoration constitution after the collapse of military rule.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Greece</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1975</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1975</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>CN</code>
<slug>china</slug>
<name>China</name>
<description>Current constitution adopted during the reform and opening-up period.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the People's Republic of China</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1982</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1982</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>BR</code>
<slug>brazil</slug>
<name>Brazil</name>
<description>Democratization constitution known as the 'Citizen Constitution'.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1988</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1988</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>KR</code>
<slug>south-korea</slug>
<name>South Korea</name>
<description>Constitution adopted as a result of democratization movements.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Republic of Korea</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1988</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1987</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>RU</code>
<slug>russia</slug>
<name>Russia</name>
<description>Constitution adopted after the collapse of the Soviet Union.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Russian Federation</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1993</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1993</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>CZ</code>
<slug>czech-republic</slug>
<name>Czech Republic</name>
<description>Constitution adopted after the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Czech Republic</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1993</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1992</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>FI</code>
<slug>finland</slug>
<name>Finland</name>
<description>Current constitution comprehensively revising the 1919 constitution.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of Finland</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>2000</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1999</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>CH</code>
<slug>switzerland</slug>
<name>Switzerland</name>
<description>Current constitution systematizing and organizing the 1848 constitution.</description>
<constitutionName>Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>2000</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1999</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>PL</code>
<slug>poland</slug>
<name>Poland</name>
<description>New constitution adopted after the collapse of communist rule.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Republic of Poland</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1997</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1997</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>ZA</code>
<slug>south-africa</slug>
<name>South Africa</name>
<description>New constitution after the abolition of apartheid.</description>
<constitutionName>Constitution of the Republic of South Africa</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>1997</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>1996</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>HU</code>
<slug>hungary</slug>
<name>Hungary</name>
<description>New fundamental law replacing the 1949 constitution.</description>
<constitutionName>Fundamental Law of Hungary</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted>2012</yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished>2011</yearEstablished>
</item>
<item>
<code>UK</code>
<slug>united-kingdom</slug>
<name>United Kingdom</name>
<description>Uncodified constitution without a single written constitutional document.</description>
<constitutionName>Uncodified Constitution</constitutionName>
<yearEnacted></yearEnacted>
<yearEstablished></yearEstablished>
</item>
</items>