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災害の種類と計測 - HTML
日本は世界有数の自然災害多発国であり、地震、台風、洪水、土砂災害、火山噴火、津波など様々な災害が発生します。本データは、これらの災害の種類と、気象庁・消防庁・国土交通省などの機関が定める計測指標（震度・マグニチュード、台風の強さ・大きさ、水位、警戒レベルなど）を体系的に整理したものです。防災対策や災害リスクの理解に役立ちます。
自然災害
防災
気象庁
震度
マグニチュード
台風
洪水
土砂災害
火山噴火
津波
警戒レベル
<table>
<thead><tr><th>code</th><th>slug</th><th>name</th><th>description</th><th>category</th><th>measurementUnit</th><th>scale</th><th>note</th><th>scale_en</th><th>scale_ja</th><th>scale_windSpeed</th><th>scale_radius</th><th>alertLevels</th><th>scale_descriptionEn</th><th>scale_descriptionJa</th><th>scale_height</th><th>scale_windSpeedMountains</th><th>scale_windSpeedPlains</th></tr></thead>
<tbody><tr><td>E001</td><td>earthquake-intensity</td><td>地震（震度）</td><td>ある地点における地震動の強さを表す指標。0から7の10階級で表される。</td><td>earthquake</td><td>seismic intensity scale</td><td>["0","1","2","3","4","5弱","5強","6弱","6強","7"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>E002</td><td>earthquake-magnitude</td><td>地震（マグニチュード）</td><td>地震そのものの規模（エネルギーの大きさ）を表す指標。</td><td>earthquake</td><td>M (magnitude scale)</td><td></td><td>M8以上の巨大地震ではモーメントマグニチュード（Mw）を使用</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>T001</td><td>typhoon-strength</td><td>台風（強さ）</td><td>台風の最大風速による強さの分類。4段階で表される。</td><td>typhoon</td><td>m/s (meters per second)</td><td></td><td></td><td>["-","Typhoon","Strong","Very Strong","Violent"]</td><td>["-","台風","強い","非常に強い","猛烈な"]</td><td>["17-25","25-33","33-44","44-54","54+"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>T002</td><td>typhoon-size</td><td>台風（大きさ）</td><td>台風の強風域の半径による大きさの分類。</td><td>typhoon</td><td>km (radius)</td><td></td><td></td><td>["-","Large","Very Large"]</td><td>["-","大型","超大型"]</td><td></td><td>["<500","500-800","800+"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>F001</td><td>flood-water-level</td><td>洪水（水位）</td><td>河川の水位による洪水リスクの判断指標。</td><td>flood</td><td>m (meters above sea level or warning reference)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>["計画高水位","氾濫危険水位","避難判断水位"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>S001</td><td>sediment-disaster-alert</td><td>土砂災害（警戒レベル）</td><td>土砂災害（土石流・地すべり・崖崩れ）の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。</td><td>sediment</td><td>alert level (1-5)</td><td></td><td></td><td>["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"]</td><td>["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>["Heighten disaster awareness","Check evacuation actions","Elderly and vulnerable evacuate","Everyone evacuate from danger","Life-threatening, secure safety immediately"]</td><td>["災害への心構えを高める","自らの避難行動を確認","高齢者等は避難","危険な場所から全員避難","命の危険 直ちに安全確保"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>V001</td><td>volcanic-alert-level</td><td>火山噴火（噴火警戒レベル）</td><td>火山活動の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。2007年12月から運用開始。</td><td>volcano</td><td>alert level (1-5)</td><td></td><td></td><td>["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"]</td><td>["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>["Be aware this is an active volcano","Crater area restriction","Mountain entry restriction","Evacuation preparation","Evacuation"]</td><td>["活火山であることに留意","火口周辺規制","入山規制","避難準備","避難"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>TS001</td><td>tsunami-warning</td><td>津波（警報・注意報）</td><td>津波の予想高さによる警報・注意報の3段階分類。</td><td>tsunami</td><td>m (meters)</td><td></td><td></td><td>["Tsunami Advisory","Tsunami Warning","Major Tsunami Warning"]</td><td>["津波注意報","津波警報","大津波警報"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>["0.2-1","1-3","3+"]</td><td></td><td></td></tr>
<tr><td>W001</td><td>wind-warning</td><td>強風（注意報・警報）</td><td>風速による強風注意報・警報の基準。</td><td>wind</td><td>m/s</td><td></td><td></td><td>["Strong Wind Advisory","Storm Warning"]</td><td>["強風注意報","暴風警報"]</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>["15","20"]</td><td>["20","25"]</td></tr>
<tr><td>R001</td><td>heavy-rain-warning</td><td>大雨（注意報・警報）</td><td>降水量による大雨注意報・警報の基準。</td><td>rain</td><td>mm/hour or mm/24hours</td><td></td><td>基準は地域によって異なる</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody>
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