INI

災害の種類と計測 - INI

日本は世界有数の自然災害多発国であり、地震、台風、洪水、土砂災害、火山噴火、津波など様々な災害が発生します。本データは、これらの災害の種類と、気象庁・消防庁・国土交通省などの機関が定める計測指標(震度・マグニチュード、台風の強さ・大きさ、水位、警戒レベルなど)を体系的に整理したものです。防災対策や災害リスクの理解に役立ちます。

自然災害 防災 気象庁 震度 マグニチュード 台風 洪水 土砂災害 火山噴火 津波 警戒レベル
[item.earthquake-intensity]
code=E001
slug=earthquake-intensity
name=地震(震度)
description=ある地点における地震動の強さを表す指標。0から7の10階級で表される。
category=earthquake
measurementUnit=seismic intensity scale
scale=["0","1","2","3","4","5弱","5強","6弱","6強","7"]
note=
scale_en=
scale_ja=
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.earthquake-magnitude]
code=E002
slug=earthquake-magnitude
name=地震(マグニチュード)
description=地震そのものの規模(エネルギーの大きさ)を表す指標。
category=earthquake
measurementUnit=M (magnitude scale)
scale=
note=M8以上の巨大地震ではモーメントマグニチュード(Mw)を使用
scale_en=
scale_ja=
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.typhoon-strength]
code=T001
slug=typhoon-strength
name=台風(強さ)
description=台風の最大風速による強さの分類。4段階で表される。
category=typhoon
measurementUnit=m/s (meters per second)
scale=
note=
scale_en=["-","Typhoon","Strong","Very Strong","Violent"]
scale_ja=["-","台風","強い","非常に強い","猛烈な"]
scale_windSpeed=["17-25","25-33","33-44","44-54","54+"]
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.typhoon-size]
code=T002
slug=typhoon-size
name=台風(大きさ)
description=台風の強風域の半径による大きさの分類。
category=typhoon
measurementUnit=km (radius)
scale=
note=
scale_en=["-","Large","Very Large"]
scale_ja=["-","大型","超大型"]
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=["<500","500-800","800+"]
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.flood-water-level]
code=F001
slug=flood-water-level
name=洪水(水位)
description=河川の水位による洪水リスクの判断指標。
category=flood
measurementUnit=m (meters above sea level or warning reference)
scale=
note=
scale_en=
scale_ja=
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=["計画高水位","氾濫危険水位","避難判断水位"]
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.sediment-disaster-alert]
code=S001
slug=sediment-disaster-alert
name=土砂災害(警戒レベル)
description=土砂災害(土石流・地すべり・崖崩れ)の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。
category=sediment
measurementUnit=alert level (1-5)
scale=
note=
scale_en=["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"]
scale_ja=["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"]
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=["Heighten disaster awareness","Check evacuation actions","Elderly and vulnerable evacuate","Everyone evacuate from danger","Life-threatening, secure safety immediately"]
scale_descriptionJa=["災害への心構えを高める","自らの避難行動を確認","高齢者等は避難","危険な場所から全員避難","命の危険 直ちに安全確保"]
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.volcanic-alert-level]
code=V001
slug=volcanic-alert-level
name=火山噴火(噴火警戒レベル)
description=火山活動の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。2007年12月から運用開始。
category=volcano
measurementUnit=alert level (1-5)
scale=
note=
scale_en=["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"]
scale_ja=["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"]
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=["Be aware this is an active volcano","Crater area restriction","Mountain entry restriction","Evacuation preparation","Evacuation"]
scale_descriptionJa=["活火山であることに留意","火口周辺規制","入山規制","避難準備","避難"]
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.tsunami-warning]
code=TS001
slug=tsunami-warning
name=津波(警報・注意報)
description=津波の予想高さによる警報・注意報の3段階分類。
category=tsunami
measurementUnit=m (meters)
scale=
note=
scale_en=["Tsunami Advisory","Tsunami Warning","Major Tsunami Warning"]
scale_ja=["津波注意報","津波警報","大津波警報"]
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=["0.2-1","1-3","3+"]
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=

[item.wind-warning]
code=W001
slug=wind-warning
name=強風(注意報・警報)
description=風速による強風注意報・警報の基準。
category=wind
measurementUnit=m/s
scale=
note=
scale_en=["Strong Wind Advisory","Storm Warning"]
scale_ja=["強風注意報","暴風警報"]
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=["15","20"]
scale_windSpeedPlains=["20","25"]

[item.heavy-rain-warning]
code=R001
slug=heavy-rain-warning
name=大雨(注意報・警報)
description=降水量による大雨注意報・警報の基準。
category=rain
measurementUnit=mm/hour or mm/24hours
scale=
note=基準は地域によって異なる
scale_en=
scale_ja=
scale_windSpeed=
scale_radius=
alertLevels=
scale_descriptionEn=
scale_descriptionJa=
scale_height=
scale_windSpeedMountains=
scale_windSpeedPlains=