Markdown
災害の種類と計測 - Markdown
日本は世界有数の自然災害多発国であり、地震、台風、洪水、土砂災害、火山噴火、津波など様々な災害が発生します。本データは、これらの災害の種類と、気象庁・消防庁・国土交通省などの機関が定める計測指標（震度・マグニチュード、台風の強さ・大きさ、水位、警戒レベルなど）を体系的に整理したものです。防災対策や災害リスクの理解に役立ちます。
自然災害
防災
気象庁
震度
マグニチュード
台風
洪水
土砂災害
火山噴火
津波
警戒レベル
| code | slug | name | description | category | measurementUnit | scale | note | scale_en | scale_ja | scale_windSpeed | scale_radius | alertLevels | scale_descriptionEn | scale_descriptionJa | scale_height | scale_windSpeedMountains | scale_windSpeedPlains |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| E001 | earthquake-intensity | 地震（震度） | ある地点における地震動の強さを表す指標。0から7の10階級で表される。 | earthquake | seismic intensity scale | ["0","1","2","3","4","5弱","5強","6弱","6強","7"] | | | | | | | | | | | |
| E002 | earthquake-magnitude | 地震（マグニチュード） | 地震そのものの規模（エネルギーの大きさ）を表す指標。 | earthquake | M (magnitude scale) | | M8以上の巨大地震ではモーメントマグニチュード（Mw）を使用 | | | | | | | | | | |
| T001 | typhoon-strength | 台風（強さ） | 台風の最大風速による強さの分類。4段階で表される。 | typhoon | m/s (meters per second) | | | ["-","Typhoon","Strong","Very Strong","Violent"] | ["-","台風","強い","非常に強い","猛烈な"] | ["17-25","25-33","33-44","44-54","54+"] | | | | | | | |
| T002 | typhoon-size | 台風（大きさ） | 台風の強風域の半径による大きさの分類。 | typhoon | km (radius) | | | ["-","Large","Very Large"] | ["-","大型","超大型"] | | ["<500","500-800","800+"] | | | | | | |
| F001 | flood-water-level | 洪水（水位） | 河川の水位による洪水リスクの判断指標。 | flood | m (meters above sea level or warning reference) | | | | | | | ["計画高水位","氾濫危険水位","避難判断水位"] | | | | | |
| S001 | sediment-disaster-alert | 土砂災害（警戒レベル） | 土砂災害（土石流・地すべり・崖崩れ）の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。 | sediment | alert level (1-5) | | | ["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"] | ["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"] | | | | ["Heighten disaster awareness","Check evacuation actions","Elderly and vulnerable evacuate","Everyone evacuate from danger","Life-threatening, secure safety immediately"] | ["災害への心構えを高める","自らの避難行動を確認","高齢者等は避難","危険な場所から全員避難","命の危険 直ちに安全確保"] | | | |
| V001 | volcanic-alert-level | 火山噴火（噴火警戒レベル） | 火山活動の危険度を示す5段階の警戒レベル。2007年12月から運用開始。 | volcano | alert level (1-5) | | | ["Level 1","Level 2","Level 3","Level 4","Level 5"] | ["レベル1","レベル2","レベル3","レベル4","レベル5"] | | | | ["Be aware this is an active volcano","Crater area restriction","Mountain entry restriction","Evacuation preparation","Evacuation"] | ["活火山であることに留意","火口周辺規制","入山規制","避難準備","避難"] | | | |
| TS001 | tsunami-warning | 津波（警報・注意報） | 津波の予想高さによる警報・注意報の3段階分類。 | tsunami | m (meters) | | | ["Tsunami Advisory","Tsunami Warning","Major Tsunami Warning"] | ["津波注意報","津波警報","大津波警報"] | | | | | | ["0.2-1","1-3","3+"] | | |
| W001 | wind-warning | 強風（注意報・警報） | 風速による強風注意報・警報の基準。 | wind | m/s | | | ["Strong Wind Advisory","Storm Warning"] | ["強風注意報","暴風警報"] | | | | | | | ["15","20"] | ["20","25"] |
| R001 | heavy-rain-warning | 大雨（注意報・警報） | 降水量による大雨注意報・警報の基準。 | rain | mm/hour or mm/24hours | | 基準は地域によって異なる | | | | | | | | | | |