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OSI Model Layers - CSV

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1 
code,slug,name,description,dataUnit,keyProtocols
7,application-layer,Application Layer,The layer that provides network services to end-user applications.,Data,"[""HTTP"",""HTTPS"",""FTP"",""SMTP"",""POP3"",""IMAP"",""DNS"",""SNMP"",""Telnet"",""SSH""]"
6,presentation-layer,Presentation Layer,The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network.,Data,"[""SSL"",""TLS"",""JPEG"",""GIF"",""MPEG"",""ASCII"",""EBCDIC"",""MIME""]"
5,session-layer,Session Layer,"The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.",Data,"[""NetBIOS"",""RPC"",""PPTP"",""SIP"",""SAP""]"
4,transport-layer,Transport Layer,The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.,Segments,"[""TCP"",""UDP"",""SCTP"",""DCCP"",""SPX""]"
3,network-layer,Network Layer,"The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing.",Packets,"[""IP"",""IPv4"",""IPv6"",""ICMP"",""IGMP"",""OSPF"",""BGP"",""RIP"",""IPsec""]"
2,data-link-layer,Data Link Layer,The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment.,Frames,"[""Ethernet"",""Wi-Fi"",""PPP"",""HDLC"",""ATM"",""Frame Relay"",""ARP"",""L2TP""]"
1,physical-layer,Physical Layer,The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium.,Bits,"[""Ethernet Cable"",""Fiber Optic"",""Coaxial Cable"",""Twisted Pair"",""USB"",""Bluetooth"",""RS-232""]"