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OSI Model Layers - XML

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
  <item>
    <code>7</code>
    <slug>application-layer</slug>
    <name>Application Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that provides network services to end-user applications.</description>
    <dataUnit>Data</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;HTTP&quot;,&quot;HTTPS&quot;,&quot;FTP&quot;,&quot;SMTP&quot;,&quot;POP3&quot;,&quot;IMAP&quot;,&quot;DNS&quot;,&quot;SNMP&quot;,&quot;Telnet&quot;,&quot;SSH&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>6</code>
    <slug>presentation-layer</slug>
    <name>Presentation Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network.</description>
    <dataUnit>Data</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;SSL&quot;,&quot;TLS&quot;,&quot;JPEG&quot;,&quot;GIF&quot;,&quot;MPEG&quot;,&quot;ASCII&quot;,&quot;EBCDIC&quot;,&quot;MIME&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>5</code>
    <slug>session-layer</slug>
    <name>Session Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.</description>
    <dataUnit>Data</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;NetBIOS&quot;,&quot;RPC&quot;,&quot;PPTP&quot;,&quot;SIP&quot;,&quot;SAP&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>4</code>
    <slug>transport-layer</slug>
    <name>Transport Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.</description>
    <dataUnit>Segments</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;TCP&quot;,&quot;UDP&quot;,&quot;SCTP&quot;,&quot;DCCP&quot;,&quot;SPX&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>3</code>
    <slug>network-layer</slug>
    <name>Network Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing.</description>
    <dataUnit>Packets</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;IP&quot;,&quot;IPv4&quot;,&quot;IPv6&quot;,&quot;ICMP&quot;,&quot;IGMP&quot;,&quot;OSPF&quot;,&quot;BGP&quot;,&quot;RIP&quot;,&quot;IPsec&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>2</code>
    <slug>data-link-layer</slug>
    <name>Data Link Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment.</description>
    <dataUnit>Frames</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;Ethernet&quot;,&quot;Wi-Fi&quot;,&quot;PPP&quot;,&quot;HDLC&quot;,&quot;ATM&quot;,&quot;Frame Relay&quot;,&quot;ARP&quot;,&quot;L2TP&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
  <item>
    <code>1</code>
    <slug>physical-layer</slug>
    <name>Physical Layer</name>
    <description>The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium.</description>
    <dataUnit>Bits</dataUnit>
    <keyProtocols>[&quot;Ethernet Cable&quot;,&quot;Fiber Optic&quot;,&quot;Coaxial Cable&quot;,&quot;Twisted Pair&quot;,&quot;USB&quot;,&quot;Bluetooth&quot;,&quot;RS-232&quot;]</keyProtocols>
  </item>
</items>