Structured Lists Directory

INI

OSI Model Layers - INI

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1 
[item.application-layer]
code=7
slug=application-layer
name=Application Layer
description=The layer that provides network services to end-user applications.
dataUnit=Data
keyProtocols=["HTTP","HTTPS","FTP","SMTP","POP3","IMAP","DNS","SNMP","Telnet","SSH"]

[item.presentation-layer]
code=6
slug=presentation-layer
name=Presentation Layer
description=The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network.
dataUnit=Data
keyProtocols=["SSL","TLS","JPEG","GIF","MPEG","ASCII","EBCDIC","MIME"]

[item.session-layer]
code=5
slug=session-layer
name=Session Layer
description=The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.
dataUnit=Data
keyProtocols=["NetBIOS","RPC","PPTP","SIP","SAP"]

[item.transport-layer]
code=4
slug=transport-layer
name=Transport Layer
description=The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.
dataUnit=Segments
keyProtocols=["TCP","UDP","SCTP","DCCP","SPX"]

[item.network-layer]
code=3
slug=network-layer
name=Network Layer
description=The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing.
dataUnit=Packets
keyProtocols=["IP","IPv4","IPv6","ICMP","IGMP","OSPF","BGP","RIP","IPsec"]

[item.data-link-layer]
code=2
slug=data-link-layer
name=Data Link Layer
description=The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment.
dataUnit=Frames
keyProtocols=["Ethernet","Wi-Fi","PPP","HDLC","ATM","Frame Relay","ARP","L2TP"]

[item.physical-layer]
code=1
slug=physical-layer
name=Physical Layer
description=The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium.
dataUnit=Bits
keyProtocols=["Ethernet Cable","Fiber Optic","Coaxial Cable","Twisted Pair","USB","Bluetooth","RS-232"]