TSV

OSI Model Layers - TSV

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1

code	slug	name	description	dataUnit	keyProtocols
7	application-layer	Application Layer	The layer that provides network services to end-user applications.	Data	["HTTP","HTTPS","FTP","SMTP","POP3","IMAP","DNS","SNMP","Telnet","SSH"]
6	presentation-layer	Presentation Layer	The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network.	Data	["SSL","TLS","JPEG","GIF","MPEG","ASCII","EBCDIC","MIME"]
5	session-layer	Session Layer	The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.	Data	["NetBIOS","RPC","PPTP","SIP","SAP"]
4	transport-layer	Transport Layer	The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.	Segments	["TCP","UDP","SCTP","DCCP","SPX"]
3	network-layer	Network Layer	The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing.	Packets	["IP","IPv4","IPv6","ICMP","IGMP","OSPF","BGP","RIP","IPsec"]
2	data-link-layer	Data Link Layer	The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment.	Frames	["Ethernet","Wi-Fi","PPP","HDLC","ATM","Frame Relay","ARP","L2TP"]
1	physical-layer	Physical Layer	The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium.	Bits	["Ethernet Cable","Fiber Optic","Coaxial Cable","Twisted Pair","USB","Bluetooth","RS-232"]