JSON

OSI Model Layers - JSON

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1

[
  {
    "code": "7",
    "slug": "application-layer",
    "name": "Application Layer",
    "description": "The layer that provides network services to end-user applications.",
    "dataUnit": "Data",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "HTTP",
      "HTTPS",
      "FTP",
      "SMTP",
      "POP3",
      "IMAP",
      "DNS",
      "SNMP",
      "Telnet",
      "SSH"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "6",
    "slug": "presentation-layer",
    "name": "Presentation Layer",
    "description": "The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network.",
    "dataUnit": "Data",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "SSL",
      "TLS",
      "JPEG",
      "GIF",
      "MPEG",
      "ASCII",
      "EBCDIC",
      "MIME"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "5",
    "slug": "session-layer",
    "name": "Session Layer",
    "description": "The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications.",
    "dataUnit": "Data",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "NetBIOS",
      "RPC",
      "PPTP",
      "SIP",
      "SAP"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "4",
    "slug": "transport-layer",
    "name": "Transport Layer",
    "description": "The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery.",
    "dataUnit": "Segments",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "TCP",
      "UDP",
      "SCTP",
      "DCCP",
      "SPX"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "3",
    "slug": "network-layer",
    "name": "Network Layer",
    "description": "The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing.",
    "dataUnit": "Packets",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "IP",
      "IPv4",
      "IPv6",
      "ICMP",
      "IGMP",
      "OSPF",
      "BGP",
      "RIP",
      "IPsec"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "2",
    "slug": "data-link-layer",
    "name": "Data Link Layer",
    "description": "The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment.",
    "dataUnit": "Frames",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "Ethernet",
      "Wi-Fi",
      "PPP",
      "HDLC",
      "ATM",
      "Frame Relay",
      "ARP",
      "L2TP"
    ]
  },
  {
    "code": "1",
    "slug": "physical-layer",
    "name": "Physical Layer",
    "description": "The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium.",
    "dataUnit": "Bits",
    "keyProtocols": [
      "Ethernet Cable",
      "Fiber Optic",
      "Coaxial Cable",
      "Twisted Pair",
      "USB",
      "Bluetooth",
      "RS-232"
    ]
  }
]