Structured Lists Directory

TOML

OSI Model Layers - TOML

The OSI Reference Model (Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model) is a 7-layer reference model for computer network communication defined by ISO/IEC 7498-1, originally established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1984 and revised in 1994. It provides a common framework for ensuring interoperability between different systems, defining communication protocols across seven hierarchical layers from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer. It is widely used as a foundation for network design, troubleshooting, and education.

OSI Model ISO Standard Networking Protocol Communication Model ISO/IEC 7498-1 
[[items]]
code = "7"
slug = "application-layer"
name = "Application Layer"
description = "The layer that provides network services to end-user applications."
dataUnit = "Data"
keyProtocols = "[\"HTTP\",\"HTTPS\",\"FTP\",\"SMTP\",\"POP3\",\"IMAP\",\"DNS\",\"SNMP\",\"Telnet\",\"SSH\"]"

[[items]]
code = "6"
slug = "presentation-layer"
name = "Presentation Layer"
description = "The layer that translates data between the application layer and the network."
dataUnit = "Data"
keyProtocols = "[\"SSL\",\"TLS\",\"JPEG\",\"GIF\",\"MPEG\",\"ASCII\",\"EBCDIC\",\"MIME\"]"

[[items]]
code = "5"
slug = "session-layer"
name = "Session Layer"
description = "The layer that establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications."
dataUnit = "Data"
keyProtocols = "[\"NetBIOS\",\"RPC\",\"PPTP\",\"SIP\",\"SAP\"]"

[[items]]
code = "4"
slug = "transport-layer"
name = "Transport Layer"
description = "The layer that provides end-to-end communication and error recovery."
dataUnit = "Segments"
keyProtocols = "[\"TCP\",\"UDP\",\"SCTP\",\"DCCP\",\"SPX\"]"

[[items]]
code = "3"
slug = "network-layer"
name = "Network Layer"
description = "The layer that handles data routing, forwarding, and addressing."
dataUnit = "Packets"
keyProtocols = "[\"IP\",\"IPv4\",\"IPv6\",\"ICMP\",\"IGMP\",\"OSPF\",\"BGP\",\"RIP\",\"IPsec\"]"

[[items]]
code = "2"
slug = "data-link-layer"
name = "Data Link Layer"
description = "The layer that provides reliable data transmission across a single network segment."
dataUnit = "Frames"
keyProtocols = "[\"Ethernet\",\"Wi-Fi\",\"PPP\",\"HDLC\",\"ATM\",\"Frame Relay\",\"ARP\",\"L2TP\"]"

[[items]]
code = "1"
slug = "physical-layer"
name = "Physical Layer"
description = "The layer that transmits raw bit streams over a physical medium."
dataUnit = "Bits"
keyProtocols = "[\"Ethernet Cable\",\"Fiber Optic\",\"Coaxial Cable\",\"Twisted Pair\",\"USB\",\"Bluetooth\",\"RS-232\"]"