INI
World Language Family Classifications - INI
Language family classification is a system for categorizing languages based on their historical relationships. Languages sharing a common ancestral language are grouped into the same language family, with major families including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, and Uralic. These classifications provide an important framework for understanding the origins, distribution, and evolution of languages.
linguistics
language family
language classification
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
comparative linguistics
[item.indo-european]
code=IE
slug=indo-european
name=Indo-European
description=The language family with the largest number of speakers, widely used in Europe, India, and the Americas.
distribution=ヨーロッパ、南アジア、南北アメリカ、オーストラリア
languageCount=446
majorLanguages=["英語","スペイン語","ヒンディー語","フランス語","ドイツ語","ロシア語","ポルトガル語","イタリア語"]
speakerCount=33.9億
[item.sino-tibetan]
code=ST
slug=sino-tibetan
name=Sino-Tibetan
description=A major East Asian language family including Chinese, characterized by tonal languages.
distribution=中国大陸、チベット、ミャンマー、台湾
languageCount=461
majorLanguages=["中国語（北京語、広東語など）","チベット語","ビルマ語（ミャンマー語）"]
speakerCount=14.7億
[item.afro-asiatic]
code=AA
slug=afro-asiatic
name=Afro-Asiatic
description=A language family distributed in North Africa and the Middle East, including Arabic and Hebrew.
distribution=北アフリカ、東アフリカ、中東
languageCount=376
majorLanguages=["アラビア語","ヘブライ語","アムハラ語","ソマリ語","ハウサ語"]
speakerCount=6.68億
[item.uralic]
code=UR
slug=uralic
name=Uralic
description=A language family including Finnish and Hungarian, mainly distributed in Northeast Europe and Siberia.
distribution=フィンランド、ハンガリー、エストニア、ロシア北部・シベリア
languageCount=38
majorLanguages=["フィンランド語","ハンガリー語","エストニア語","サーミ語"]
speakerCount=約2500万
[item.niger-congo]
code=NC
slug=niger-congo
name=Niger-Congo
description=The language family with the largest number of languages, widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.
distribution=サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ
languageCount=1532
majorLanguages=["スワヒリ語","ヨルバ語","ズールー語","イボ語","ハウサ語"]
speakerCount=6.59億
[item.austronesian]
code=AN
slug=austronesian
name=Austronesian
description=The language family with the second largest number of languages, distributed from Taiwan to Pacific islands.
distribution=台湾、東南アジア島嶼部、太平洋諸島、マダガスカル
languageCount=1221
majorLanguages=["マレー語","インドネシア語","タガログ語","ジャワ語","ハワイ語","マダガスカル語"]
speakerCount=3.84億
[item.dravidian]
code=DR
slug=dravidian
name=Dravidian
description=A language family mainly distributed in South India with a distinct lineage separate from Indo-European.
distribution=南インド、スリランカ、パキスタン
languageCount=80
majorLanguages=["タミル語","テルグ語","カンナダ語","マラヤーラム語"]
speakerCount=約2.5億
[item.altaic]
code=AL
slug=altaic
name=Altaic
description=A proposed language family including Turkish and Mongolian, though its classification remains controversial.
distribution=中央アジア、シベリア、トルコ
languageCount=65
majorLanguages=["トルコ語","モンゴル語","ウズベク語","カザフ語"]
speakerCount=約1.7億
[item.koreanic]
code=KO
slug=koreanic
name=Koreanic
description=A language family including Korean, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.
distribution=朝鮮半島
languageCount=2
majorLanguages=["韓国語・朝鮮語","済州語"]
speakerCount=約8000万
[item.japonic]
code=JP
slug=japonic
name=Japonic
description=A language family including Japanese and Ryukyuan languages, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.
distribution=日本列島
languageCount=12
majorLanguages=["日本語","沖縄語","宮古語","八重山語"]
speakerCount=約1.25億
[item.austroasiatic]
code=AU
slug=austroasiatic
name=Austroasiatic
description=A language family distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese and Khmer.
distribution=東南アジア大陸部、インド中部
languageCount=170
majorLanguages=["ベトナム語","クメール語（カンボジア語）","モン語"]
speakerCount=約9500万
[item.khoisan]
code=KS
slug=khoisan
name=Khoisan
description=A language family distributed in southern Africa, characterized by languages with click consonants.
distribution=ナミビア、ボツワナ、南アフリカ
languageCount=30
majorLanguages=["コイコイ語","サン語（ブッシュマン語）"]
speakerCount=約30万