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World Language Family Classifications - JSON

Language family classification is a system for categorizing languages based on their historical relationships. Languages sharing a common ancestral language are grouped into the same language family, with major families including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, and Uralic. These classifications provide an important framework for understanding the origins, distribution, and evolution of languages.

linguistics language family language classification Indo-European Sino-Tibetan comparative linguistics 
[
  {
    "code": "IE",
    "slug": "indo-european",
    "name": "Indo-European",
    "description": "The language family with the largest number of speakers, widely used in Europe, India, and the Americas.",
    "languageCount": 446,
    "speakerCount": "33.9億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "英語",
      "スペイン語",
      "ヒンディー語",
      "フランス語",
      "ドイツ語",
      "ロシア語",
      "ポルトガル語",
      "イタリア語"
    ],
    "distribution": "ヨーロッパ、南アジア、南北アメリカ、オーストラリア"
  },
  {
    "code": "ST",
    "slug": "sino-tibetan",
    "name": "Sino-Tibetan",
    "description": "A major East Asian language family including Chinese, characterized by tonal languages.",
    "languageCount": 461,
    "speakerCount": "14.7億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "中国語（北京語、広東語など）",
      "チベット語",
      "ビルマ語（ミャンマー語）"
    ],
    "distribution": "中国大陸、チベット、ミャンマー、台湾"
  },
  {
    "code": "AA",
    "slug": "afro-asiatic",
    "name": "Afro-Asiatic",
    "description": "A language family distributed in North Africa and the Middle East, including Arabic and Hebrew.",
    "languageCount": 376,
    "speakerCount": "6.68億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "アラビア語",
      "ヘブライ語",
      "アムハラ語",
      "ソマリ語",
      "ハウサ語"
    ],
    "distribution": "北アフリカ、東アフリカ、中東"
  },
  {
    "code": "UR",
    "slug": "uralic",
    "name": "Uralic",
    "description": "A language family including Finnish and Hungarian, mainly distributed in Northeast Europe and Siberia.",
    "languageCount": 38,
    "speakerCount": "約2500万",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "フィンランド語",
      "ハンガリー語",
      "エストニア語",
      "サーミ語"
    ],
    "distribution": "フィンランド、ハンガリー、エストニア、ロシア北部・シベリア"
  },
  {
    "code": "NC",
    "slug": "niger-congo",
    "name": "Niger-Congo",
    "description": "The language family with the largest number of languages, widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.",
    "languageCount": 1532,
    "speakerCount": "6.59億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "スワヒリ語",
      "ヨルバ語",
      "ズールー語",
      "イボ語",
      "ハウサ語"
    ],
    "distribution": "サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ"
  },
  {
    "code": "AN",
    "slug": "austronesian",
    "name": "Austronesian",
    "description": "The language family with the second largest number of languages, distributed from Taiwan to Pacific islands.",
    "languageCount": 1221,
    "speakerCount": "3.84億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "マレー語",
      "インドネシア語",
      "タガログ語",
      "ジャワ語",
      "ハワイ語",
      "マダガスカル語"
    ],
    "distribution": "台湾、東南アジア島嶼部、太平洋諸島、マダガスカル"
  },
  {
    "code": "DR",
    "slug": "dravidian",
    "name": "Dravidian",
    "description": "A language family mainly distributed in South India with a distinct lineage separate from Indo-European.",
    "languageCount": 80,
    "speakerCount": "約2.5億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "タミル語",
      "テルグ語",
      "カンナダ語",
      "マラヤーラム語"
    ],
    "distribution": "南インド、スリランカ、パキスタン"
  },
  {
    "code": "AL",
    "slug": "altaic",
    "name": "Altaic",
    "description": "A proposed language family including Turkish and Mongolian, though its classification remains controversial.",
    "languageCount": 65,
    "speakerCount": "約1.7億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "トルコ語",
      "モンゴル語",
      "ウズベク語",
      "カザフ語"
    ],
    "distribution": "中央アジア、シベリア、トルコ"
  },
  {
    "code": "KO",
    "slug": "koreanic",
    "name": "Koreanic",
    "description": "A language family including Korean, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.",
    "languageCount": 2,
    "speakerCount": "約8000万",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "韓国語・朝鮮語",
      "済州語"
    ],
    "distribution": "朝鮮半島"
  },
  {
    "code": "JP",
    "slug": "japonic",
    "name": "Japonic",
    "description": "A language family including Japanese and Ryukyuan languages, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.",
    "languageCount": 12,
    "speakerCount": "約1.25億",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "日本語",
      "沖縄語",
      "宮古語",
      "八重山語"
    ],
    "distribution": "日本列島"
  },
  {
    "code": "AU",
    "slug": "austroasiatic",
    "name": "Austroasiatic",
    "description": "A language family distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese and Khmer.",
    "languageCount": 170,
    "speakerCount": "約9500万",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "ベトナム語",
      "クメール語（カンボジア語）",
      "モン語"
    ],
    "distribution": "東南アジア大陸部、インド中部"
  },
  {
    "code": "KS",
    "slug": "khoisan",
    "name": "Khoisan",
    "description": "A language family distributed in southern Africa, characterized by languages with click consonants.",
    "languageCount": 30,
    "speakerCount": "約30万",
    "majorLanguages": [
      "コイコイ語",
      "サン語（ブッシュマン語）"
    ],
    "distribution": "ナミビア、ボツワナ、南アフリカ"
  }
]