XML
World Language Family Classifications - XML
Language family classification is a system for categorizing languages based on their historical relationships. Languages sharing a common ancestral language are grouped into the same language family, with major families including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, and Uralic. These classifications provide an important framework for understanding the origins, distribution, and evolution of languages.
linguistics
language family
language classification
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
comparative linguistics
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<items>
<item>
<code>IE</code>
<slug>indo-european</slug>
<name>Indo-European</name>
<description>The language family with the largest number of speakers, widely used in Europe, India, and the Americas.</description>
<distribution>ヨーロッパ、南アジア、南北アメリカ、オーストラリア</distribution>
<languageCount>446</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["英語","スペイン語","ヒンディー語","フランス語","ドイツ語","ロシア語","ポルトガル語","イタリア語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>33.9億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>ST</code>
<slug>sino-tibetan</slug>
<name>Sino-Tibetan</name>
<description>A major East Asian language family including Chinese, characterized by tonal languages.</description>
<distribution>中国大陸、チベット、ミャンマー、台湾</distribution>
<languageCount>461</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["中国語（北京語、広東語など）","チベット語","ビルマ語（ミャンマー語）"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>14.7億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>AA</code>
<slug>afro-asiatic</slug>
<name>Afro-Asiatic</name>
<description>A language family distributed in North Africa and the Middle East, including Arabic and Hebrew.</description>
<distribution>北アフリカ、東アフリカ、中東</distribution>
<languageCount>376</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["アラビア語","ヘブライ語","アムハラ語","ソマリ語","ハウサ語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>6.68億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>UR</code>
<slug>uralic</slug>
<name>Uralic</name>
<description>A language family including Finnish and Hungarian, mainly distributed in Northeast Europe and Siberia.</description>
<distribution>フィンランド、ハンガリー、エストニア、ロシア北部・シベリア</distribution>
<languageCount>38</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["フィンランド語","ハンガリー語","エストニア語","サーミ語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約2500万</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>NC</code>
<slug>niger-congo</slug>
<name>Niger-Congo</name>
<description>The language family with the largest number of languages, widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa.</description>
<distribution>サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ</distribution>
<languageCount>1532</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["スワヒリ語","ヨルバ語","ズールー語","イボ語","ハウサ語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>6.59億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>AN</code>
<slug>austronesian</slug>
<name>Austronesian</name>
<description>The language family with the second largest number of languages, distributed from Taiwan to Pacific islands.</description>
<distribution>台湾、東南アジア島嶼部、太平洋諸島、マダガスカル</distribution>
<languageCount>1221</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["マレー語","インドネシア語","タガログ語","ジャワ語","ハワイ語","マダガスカル語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>3.84億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>DR</code>
<slug>dravidian</slug>
<name>Dravidian</name>
<description>A language family mainly distributed in South India with a distinct lineage separate from Indo-European.</description>
<distribution>南インド、スリランカ、パキスタン</distribution>
<languageCount>80</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["タミル語","テルグ語","カンナダ語","マラヤーラム語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約2.5億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>AL</code>
<slug>altaic</slug>
<name>Altaic</name>
<description>A proposed language family including Turkish and Mongolian, though its classification remains controversial.</description>
<distribution>中央アジア、シベリア、トルコ</distribution>
<languageCount>65</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["トルコ語","モンゴル語","ウズベク語","カザフ語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約1.7億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>KO</code>
<slug>koreanic</slug>
<name>Koreanic</name>
<description>A language family including Korean, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.</description>
<distribution>朝鮮半島</distribution>
<languageCount>2</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["韓国語・朝鮮語","済州語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約8000万</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>JP</code>
<slug>japonic</slug>
<name>Japonic</name>
<description>A language family including Japanese and Ryukyuan languages, with various theories regarding its genetic classification.</description>
<distribution>日本列島</distribution>
<languageCount>12</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["日本語","沖縄語","宮古語","八重山語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約1.25億</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>AU</code>
<slug>austroasiatic</slug>
<name>Austroasiatic</name>
<description>A language family distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese and Khmer.</description>
<distribution>東南アジア大陸部、インド中部</distribution>
<languageCount>170</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["ベトナム語","クメール語（カンボジア語）","モン語"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約9500万</speakerCount>
</item>
<item>
<code>KS</code>
<slug>khoisan</slug>
<name>Khoisan</name>
<description>A language family distributed in southern Africa, characterized by languages with click consonants.</description>
<distribution>ナミビア、ボツワナ、南アフリカ</distribution>
<languageCount>30</languageCount>
<majorLanguages>["コイコイ語","サン語（ブッシュマン語）"]</majorLanguages>
<speakerCount>約30万</speakerCount>
</item>
</items>