Structured Lists Directory

YAML

World Language Family Classifications - YAML

Language family classification is a system for categorizing languages based on their historical relationships. Languages sharing a common ancestral language are grouped into the same language family, with major families including Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan, Afro-Asiatic, and Uralic. These classifications provide an important framework for understanding the origins, distribution, and evolution of languages.

linguistics language family language classification Indo-European Sino-Tibetan comparative linguistics 
- code: "IE"
  slug: "indo-european"
  name: "Indo-European"
  description: "The language family with the largest number of speakers, widely used in Europe, India, and the Americas."
  languageCount: 446
  speakerCount: "33.9億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "英語"
    - "スペイン語"
    - "ヒンディー語"
    - "フランス語"
    - "ドイツ語"
    - "ロシア語"
    - "ポルトガル語"
    - "イタリア語"
  distribution: "ヨーロッパ、南アジア、南北アメリカ、オーストラリア"
- code: "ST"
  slug: "sino-tibetan"
  name: "Sino-Tibetan"
  description: "A major East Asian language family including Chinese, characterized by tonal languages."
  languageCount: 461
  speakerCount: "14.7億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "中国語（北京語、広東語など）"
    - "チベット語"
    - "ビルマ語（ミャンマー語）"
  distribution: "中国大陸、チベット、ミャンマー、台湾"
- code: "AA"
  slug: "afro-asiatic"
  name: "Afro-Asiatic"
  description: "A language family distributed in North Africa and the Middle East, including Arabic and Hebrew."
  languageCount: 376
  speakerCount: "6.68億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "アラビア語"
    - "ヘブライ語"
    - "アムハラ語"
    - "ソマリ語"
    - "ハウサ語"
  distribution: "北アフリカ、東アフリカ、中東"
- code: "UR"
  slug: "uralic"
  name: "Uralic"
  description: "A language family including Finnish and Hungarian, mainly distributed in Northeast Europe and Siberia."
  languageCount: 38
  speakerCount: "約2500万"
  majorLanguages:
    - "フィンランド語"
    - "ハンガリー語"
    - "エストニア語"
    - "サーミ語"
  distribution: "フィンランド、ハンガリー、エストニア、ロシア北部・シベリア"
- code: "NC"
  slug: "niger-congo"
  name: "Niger-Congo"
  description: "The language family with the largest number of languages, widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa."
  languageCount: 1532
  speakerCount: "6.59億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "スワヒリ語"
    - "ヨルバ語"
    - "ズールー語"
    - "イボ語"
    - "ハウサ語"
  distribution: "サハラ砂漠以南のアフリカ"
- code: "AN"
  slug: "austronesian"
  name: "Austronesian"
  description: "The language family with the second largest number of languages, distributed from Taiwan to Pacific islands."
  languageCount: 1221
  speakerCount: "3.84億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "マレー語"
    - "インドネシア語"
    - "タガログ語"
    - "ジャワ語"
    - "ハワイ語"
    - "マダガスカル語"
  distribution: "台湾、東南アジア島嶼部、太平洋諸島、マダガスカル"
- code: "DR"
  slug: "dravidian"
  name: "Dravidian"
  description: "A language family mainly distributed in South India with a distinct lineage separate from Indo-European."
  languageCount: 80
  speakerCount: "約2.5億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "タミル語"
    - "テルグ語"
    - "カンナダ語"
    - "マラヤーラム語"
  distribution: "南インド、スリランカ、パキスタン"
- code: "AL"
  slug: "altaic"
  name: "Altaic"
  description: "A proposed language family including Turkish and Mongolian, though its classification remains controversial."
  languageCount: 65
  speakerCount: "約1.7億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "トルコ語"
    - "モンゴル語"
    - "ウズベク語"
    - "カザフ語"
  distribution: "中央アジア、シベリア、トルコ"
- code: "KO"
  slug: "koreanic"
  name: "Koreanic"
  description: "A language family including Korean, with various theories regarding its genetic classification."
  languageCount: 2
  speakerCount: "約8000万"
  majorLanguages:
    - "韓国語・朝鮮語"
    - "済州語"
  distribution: "朝鮮半島"
- code: "JP"
  slug: "japonic"
  name: "Japonic"
  description: "A language family including Japanese and Ryukyuan languages, with various theories regarding its genetic classification."
  languageCount: 12
  speakerCount: "約1.25億"
  majorLanguages:
    - "日本語"
    - "沖縄語"
    - "宮古語"
    - "八重山語"
  distribution: "日本列島"
- code: "AU"
  slug: "austroasiatic"
  name: "Austroasiatic"
  description: "A language family distributed in mainland Southeast Asia, including Vietnamese and Khmer."
  languageCount: 170
  speakerCount: "約9500万"
  majorLanguages:
    - "ベトナム語"
    - "クメール語（カンボジア語）"
    - "モン語"
  distribution: "東南アジア大陸部、インド中部"
- code: "KS"
  slug: "khoisan"
  name: "Khoisan"
  description: "A language family distributed in southern Africa, characterized by languages with click consonants."
  languageCount: 30
  speakerCount: "約30万"
  majorLanguages:
    - "コイコイ語"
    - "サン語（ブッシュマン語）"
  distribution: "ナミビア、ボツワナ、南アフリカ"